Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations

High quality evidence indicates that lung cancer screening for high risk individuals is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. This review examined evidence related to the implementation of early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for this group. It looked at: effectiveness, potential harms, main components of recent screening programs/trials, and cost effectiveness. Sufficient evidence was found to indicate effectiveness and that benefits appear to outweigh harms. There were gaps in the evidence regarding components of recent trials and programs, however, the researchers were able to extract a list of components for potential implementation of screening in Australia. There are also gaps regarding cost effectiveness but the evidence is rapidly evolving and the results of a current trial are likely to provide more information.

Rankin N, McGregor D, Donnelly C, Van Dort B, De Abreu Lourenco R, Cust A, Stone E. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute for the Cancer Institute NSW 2019. doi:10.57022/clzt5093