The proposed research capitalises on a unique opportunity provided by the 45 and Up Study, the largest population cohort study in the Southern Hemisphere. The 45 and Up Study is recruiting 250,000 people aged 45 and over; participants complete a baseline questionnaire about health, lifestyle and health care and consent to linkage of their self report data to population datasets on health and health service use. This application proposes to add value to the 45 and Up cohort by collecting additional information from a sub-sample to enable detailed investigation of Social, Economic and Environmental Factors (SEEF). The goal will be to provide the first integrated analysis of the impact of social, economic and environmental factors on the health of Australians in mid to later life in order to identify critical intervention points for preventing disease and ameliorating disadvantage, ill health and morbidity in older Australians.