Investigator: Dr Peter Siminski (CI). This project is a component of a broader research agenda studying the effects of Vietnam-era army service on the life outcomes of veterans. Incorporating data from the 45 and Up Study and other sources, this research will examine the effects of army service on the subsequent health outcomes of Vietnam veterans, focusing particularly on mental illness, physical functioning and alcohol abuse. It is hoped this work will contribute to a greater understanding of the effects of conscription on conscripts’ health, with the potential to stimulate appropriate interventions for the study population. The research will also assess the success of existing veterans’ programs and facilitate a broader understanding of the full human costs of military conflicts.